When Darkness Pollutes: Grid Electricity Deficits, Dirty Energy Substitution, and Carbon Emissions in West Africa. Innovations in Environmental Economics , [S. l.], 2026. DOI: 10.48313/iee.vi.76. Disponível em: https://iee.reapress.com/journal/article/view/76.. Acesso em: 21 sep. 2026.